药物重新利用可以加速鉴定有效化合物用于针对SARS-COV-2的临床使用，并具有先前存在的临床安全数据和已建立的供应链的优势。 RNA病毒（例如SARS-COV-2）操纵细胞途径并诱导亚细胞结构的重组以支持其生命周期。可以使用生物成像技术来量化这些形态学的变化。在这项工作中，我们开发了DEEMD：使用深层神经网络模型在多个实例学习框架内的计算管道，以基于对公开可用RXRX19A数据集的形态分析来确定针对SARS-COV-2有效的推定治疗方法。该数据集由SARS-COV-2未感染的细胞和受感染细胞的荧光显微镜图像组成，有或没有药物治疗。 Deemd首先提取歧视性形态学特征，以产生来自未感染和感染细胞的细胞形态特征。然后在统计模型中使用这些形态学特征，以根据与未感染细胞的相似性估算受感染细胞的应用治疗疗效。 DEEMD能够通过弱监督定位受感染的细胞，而无需任何昂贵的像素级注释。 DEEMD确定已知的SARS-COV-2抑制剂，例如Remdesivir和Aloxistatin，支持我们方法的有效性。可以在其他新兴病毒和数据集上探索DEEMD，以便将来快速识别候选抗病毒药治疗}。我们的实施可在线网络https://www.github.com/sadegh-saberian/deemd

The promise of Mobile Health (mHealth) is the ability to use wearable sensors to monitor participant physiology at high frequencies during daily life to enable temporally-precise health interventions. However, a major challenge is frequent missing data. Despite a rich imputation literature, existing techniques are ineffective for the pulsative signals which comprise many mHealth applications, and a lack of available datasets has stymied progress. We address this gap with PulseImpute, the first large-scale pulsative signal imputation challenge which includes realistic mHealth missingness models, an extensive set of baselines, and clinically-relevant downstream tasks. Our baseline models include a novel transformer-based architecture designed to exploit the structure of pulsative signals. We hope that PulseImpute will enable the ML community to tackle this significant and challenging task.

基于采样的推理技术是现代宇宙学数据分析的核心;然而，这些方法与维度不良，通常需要近似或顽固的可能性。在本文中，我们描述了截短的边际神经比率估计（TMNRE）（即所谓的基于模拟的推断的新方法）自然避免了这些问题，提高了$（i）$效率，$（ii）$可扩展性和$ （iii）推断后的后续后续的可信度。使用宇宙微波背景（CMB）的测量，我们表明TMNRE可以使用比传统马尔可夫链蒙特卡罗（MCMC）方法更少模拟器呼叫的数量级来实现融合的后海后。值得注意的是，所需数量的样本有效地独立于滋扰参数的数量。此外，称为\ MEMPH {本地摊销}的属性允许对基于采样的方法无法访问的严格统计一致性检查的性能。 TMNRE承诺成为宇宙学数据分析的强大工具，特别是在扩展宇宙学的背景下，其中传统的基于采样的推理方法所需的时间级数融合可以大大超过$ \ Lambda $ CDM等简单宇宙学模型的时间。为了执行这些计算，我们使用开源代码\ texttt {swyft}来使用TMNRE的实现。

人工智能一直在全球转变产业和学术研究，研究软件开发也不例外。在研究软件开发生命周期的各个方面都应用了机器学习和深度学习，从新算法设计范例到软件开发过程。在本文中，我们讨论了我们对当今挑战和机会的看法，即AI在研究软件开发和工程师中展示了我们在佛罗里达大学的方法，正在为AI的新时代做好准备我们的劳动力。

Making histopathology image classifiers robust to a wide range of real-world variability is a challenging task. Here, we describe a candidate deep learning solution for the Mitosis Domain Generalization Challenge 2022 (MIDOG) to address the problem of generalization for mitosis detection in images of hematoxylin-eosin-stained histology slides under high variability (scanner, tissue type and species variability). Our approach consists in training a rotation-invariant deep learning model using aggressive data augmentation with a training set enriched with hard negative examples and automatically selected negative examples from the unlabeled part of the challenge dataset. To optimize the performance of our models, we investigated a hard negative mining regime search procedure that lead us to train our best model using a subset of image patches representing 19.6% of our training partition of the challenge dataset. Our candidate model ensemble achieved a F1-score of .697 on the final test set after automated evaluation on the challenge platform, achieving the third best overall score in the MIDOG 2022 Challenge.

Supervised Question Answering systems (QA systems) rely on domain-specific human-labeled data for training. Unsupervised QA systems generate their own question-answer training pairs, typically using secondary knowledge sources to achieve this outcome. Our approach (called PIE-QG) uses Open Information Extraction (OpenIE) to generate synthetic training questions from paraphrased passages and uses the question-answer pairs as training data for a language model for a state-of-the-art QA system based on BERT. Triples in the form of <subject, predicate, object> are extracted from each passage, and questions are formed with subjects (or objects) and predicates while objects (or subjects) are considered as answers. Experimenting on five extractive QA datasets demonstrates that our technique achieves on-par performance with existing state-of-the-art QA systems with the benefit of being trained on an order of magnitude fewer documents and without any recourse to external reference data sources.

While the capabilities of autonomous systems have been steadily improving in recent years, these systems still struggle to rapidly explore previously unknown environments without the aid of GPS-assisted navigation. The DARPA Subterranean (SubT) Challenge aimed to fast track the development of autonomous exploration systems by evaluating their performance in real-world underground search-and-rescue scenarios. Subterranean environments present a plethora of challenges for robotic systems, such as limited communications, complex topology, visually-degraded sensing, and harsh terrain. The presented solution enables long-term autonomy with minimal human supervision by combining a powerful and independent single-agent autonomy stack, with higher level mission management operating over a flexible mesh network. The autonomy suite deployed on quadruped and wheeled robots was fully independent, freeing the human supervision to loosely supervise the mission and make high-impact strategic decisions. We also discuss lessons learned from fielding our system at the SubT Final Event, relating to vehicle versatility, system adaptability, and re-configurable communications.

While the brain connectivity network can inform the understanding and diagnosis of developmental dyslexia, its cause-effect relationships have not yet enough been examined. Employing electroencephalography signals and band-limited white noise stimulus at 4.8 Hz (prosodic-syllabic frequency), we measure the phase Granger causalities among channels to identify differences between dyslexic learners and controls, thereby proposing a method to calculate directional connectivity. As causal relationships run in both directions, we explore three scenarios, namely channels' activity as sources, as sinks, and in total. Our proposed method can be used for both classification and exploratory analysis. In all scenarios, we find confirmation of the established right-lateralized Theta sampling network anomaly, in line with the temporal sampling framework's assumption of oscillatory differences in the Theta and Gamma bands. Further, we show that this anomaly primarily occurs in the causal relationships of channels acting as sinks, where it is significantly more pronounced than when only total activity is observed. In the sink scenario, our classifier obtains 0.84 and 0.88 accuracy and 0.87 and 0.93 AUC for the Theta and Gamma bands, respectively.

Vocal Bursts -- short, non-speech vocalizations that convey emotions, such as laughter, cries, sighs, moans, and groans -- are an often-overlooked aspect of speech emotion recognition, but an important aspect of human vocal communication. One barrier to study of these interesting vocalizations is a lack of large datasets. I am pleased to introduce the EmoGator dataset, which consists of 32,040 samples from 365 speakers, 16.91 hours of audio; each sample classified into one of 30 distinct emotion categories by the speaker. Several different approaches to construct classifiers to identify emotion categories will be discussed, and directions for future research will be suggested. Data set is available for download from https://github.com/fredbuhl/EmoGator.

Charisma is considered as one's ability to attract and potentially also influence others. Clearly, there can be considerable interest from an artificial intelligence's (AI) perspective to provide it with such skill. Beyond, a plethora of use cases opens up for computational measurement of human charisma, such as for tutoring humans in the acquisition of charisma, mediating human-to-human conversation, or identifying charismatic individuals in big social data. A number of models exist that base charisma on various dimensions, often following the idea that charisma is given if someone could and would help others. Examples include influence (could help) and affability (would help) in scientific studies or power (could help), presence, and warmth (both would help) as a popular concept. Modelling high levels in these dimensions for humanoid robots or virtual agents, seems accomplishable. Beyond, also automatic measurement appears quite feasible with the recent advances in the related fields of Affective Computing and Social Signal Processing. Here, we, thereforem present a blueprint for building machines that can appear charismatic, but also analyse the charisma of others. To this end, we first provide the psychological perspective including different models of charisma and behavioural cues of it. We then switch to conversational charisma in spoken language as an exemplary modality that is essential for human-human and human-computer conversations. The computational perspective then deals with the recognition and generation of charismatic behaviour by AI. This includes an overview of the state of play in the field and the aforementioned blueprint. We then name exemplary use cases of computational charismatic skills before switching to ethical aspects and concluding this overview and perspective on building charisma-enabled AI.